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Optimization of Alloy Addition Timing During BOF Tapping: A Model for Establishing the Minimum Required Steel Level

Steel tapping from the basic oxygen furnace into the ladle is a pivotal stage in steelmaking, during which alloying materials are added to ensure rapid homogenization. This study addresses the challenges of alloy addition, particularly the timing and its impact on ladle operations. Improper handling can damage the refractory lining and obstruct visual monitoring, while delayed additions reduce mixing efficiency and compromise process control. A mathematical model was developed to establish the required minimum steel level for a safe and efficient alloy addition process, accounting for the movement of alloying material through the feeding pipe, freefall and immersion into the liquid steel in the ladle.
Product:
2026/01 AIST Iron & Steel Technology January
PR-PM0126-4
Franz Ramstorfer, Carlos Renato Soares Machado, Gilvan Nascimento De Souza
January 01, 2026
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